House
Flies (Mucosa
domestica) is a prime carrier of human disease. As many as 33 million
microorganisms may flourish in its gut and a half billion more reside
all over its body and legs.
The
life expectancy of a fly is 7 days to 8 weeks. There are 16,000 different
species of flies in North America alone; a few of the most common
flies are named below.
Source: U. S. Department Of Agriculture
Stable
Flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) attack animals’
(including dogs and cats) legs and bellies, and feed on blood several
times a day. They cause painful biting, animal fatigue, and weight
loss.
Source: U. S. Department Of Agriculture
Horn Flies (Haematobia irritans) cause painful bites;
each fly punctures the cow’s skin 20 to 40 times a day. A population
of several thousand horn flies may be present on one animal. When
large numbers of these flies are on cattle, the cattle bunch and expend
considerable effort fighting the flies. They will often stand in water
or seek shade trying to get relief from the flies. When they do this,
they fail to graze normally. Studies in the United States and Canada
show that during the grazing season yearling cattle free from horn
flies gain from 15 to 50 pounds more than heavily infested animals.
Nebraska studies and others show a 10- to 15-pound advantage in calf
weaning weights where cows have had good horn fly control. Milk production
of dairy cattle pastured during the day may be decreased as much as
20 percent by horn flies
Source:
U. S. Department Of Agriculture
Horn flies cause severe nervousness and interfere with the animal’s
feeding and resting, and can cause blood loss and reduced weight gain.
These flies are known to infect pets and other animals. However, horn
flies have the most impact on pasture and range cattle.