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Rats,
Flies Likely To Spread Avian Influenza
(Although yet comfirmed
by U.S. studies, the threat of flies carrying the Bird Flu infection
is very real as flies are already responsible for transmitting at
least 65 other diseases to humans; see Fact #2 below)
Jakarta (VNA) - Indonesian Health
Minister Siti Fadilah Supari has warned people to stay alert against
avian influenza (AI) infection through rats and flies, after research
by the Gadjah Mada University showed that they could become carriers
of the deadly bird flu virus.
"In
addition to killing flies and rats, people must also throw away
the excrement of pigs and chickens, because the two animals are
potential sources of the AI virus, which can be transmitted from
animal to animal and from animal to humans." Vietamese
News Agency http://www.vnagency.com.vn/NewsA.asp?LANGUAGE_ID=2&CATEGORY_ID=32&NEWS_ID=167720
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FACT
#1
The female
will lay approximately five to six times during her lifetime (about
30 days) and may produce 1,000 eggs.
Mississippi
State University Extension Service CARES
http://msucares.com/pubs/publications/p0865.htm
FACT
#2 "House
flies are strongly suspected of transmitting at least 65 diseases
to humans, including typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, poliomyelitis,
yaws, anthrax, tularemia, leprosy and tuberculosis."
Pennsylvania State College of Agricultural Science
Pennsylvania
State College of Agricultural Sciences: http://www.ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/houseflies.htm
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FACT
#3 "Flies
cost nearly $1 Billion in annualproduction
losses to the U.S. dairy and beef industries."United States
Department of Agriculture
United
States Dept. of Agriculture: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/nov03/flies1103.pdf
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| :::::
Common Fly Varieties ::::: |
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The
life expectancy of a fly is 7 days to 8 weeks. There are 16,000 different
species of flies in North America alone; a few of the most common
flies are named here.
Source: U. S. Department Of Agriculture |
Stable
Flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) attack animals’
(including dogs and cats) legs and bellies, and feed on blood several
times a day. They cause painful biting, animal fatigue, and weight
loss.
Source: U. S. Department Of Agriculture |
 |
Horn Flies (Haematobia irritans) cause painful bites;
each fly punctures the cow’s skin 20 to 40 times a day. A population
of several thousand horn flies may be present on one animal. When
large numbers of these flies are on cattle, the cattle bunch and expend
considerable effort fighting the flies. They will often stand in water
or seek shade trying to get relief from the flies. When they do this,
they fail to graze normally. Studies in the United States and Canada
show that during the grazing season yearling cattle free from horn
flies gain from 15 to 50 pounds more than heavily infested animals.
Nebraska studies and others show a 10- to 15-pound advantage in calf
weaning weights where cows have had good horn fly control. Milk production
of dairy cattle pastured during the day may be decreased as much as
20 percent by horn flies
Source:
U. S. Department Of Agriculture |
Horn flies cause severe nervousness and interfere with the animal’s
feeding and resting, and can cause blood loss and reduced weight gain.
These flies are known to infect pets and other animals. However, horn
flies have the most impact on pasture and range cattle.
 
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| Face
Flies (Musca autumnalis) cause extreme annoyance
to cattle on pasture all summer. They feed on animal secretions
such as tears, saliva, nasal mucus, and blood oozing from wounds.
They also sometimes serve as vectors of eye diseases and parasites
such as pinkeye and eye worms.
Source: U. S. Department Of Agriculture |
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| More
Facts Houseflies can only take in liquid foods.
The instant the fly lands on your food it secretes an enzyme called
volidrop, along with a portion of his previous meal. This it does
right on the area of the food it wants to consume. This potent mixture
liquefies the tiny spot almost immediately.
The fly then
consumes the liquid food and moves on leaving behind diseases that
can get you deathly sick. After they eat they spit it out then suck
it back in. They also throw up partially digested matter and eat
it again. The flies can walk on vertical planes, and can even hang
upside down from ceilings. This is accomplished with the surface
tension (a phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular
forces) of liquids secreted by various organs that synthesize substances
needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into
the bloodstream via glands near their feet. Lacking eyelids, the
flies continually clean their eyes with their forelegs. Most of
their taste and smell sensor cells are on hairs on their legs, and
that is why they also keep rubbing their legs together.
Source: U. S.
Department Of Agriculture |

Blow
Fly Cluster
Fly
Flesh Fly
Little House Fly |
House
Flies (Musca domestica)
Authored
by: Steve Jacobs, Sr. Extension Associate
University of Nebraska Department of Entomology
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| Introduction
House flies are not the neatest of insects. They visit such places
as dumps, sewers, and garbage heaps. They feed on fecal matter,
discharges from wounds and sores, sputum, and all sorts of moist
decaying matter such as spoiled fish, eggs and meat.
Economic Importance House flies are strongly suspected
of transmitting at least 65 diseases to humans, including typhoid
fever, dysentery, cholera, poliomyelitis, yaws, anthrax, tularemia,
leprosy and tuberculosis. Flies regurgitate and excrete wherever
they come to rest and thereby mechanically transmit disease organisms.
Biology House flies can be easily identified by
the four dark, longitudinal stripes on top of the thorax, or middle
body region. They vary in length from l/8-l/4 of an inch. Their
mouth parts are adapted for sponging up liquids; they cannot bite.
These flies can only ingest liquid food. They feed on attractive
solid food by regurgitating saliva on it. The saliva liquifies the
solid material which is then sponged up with the proboscis. They
require water since they are continually salivating and voiding
liquids. Fly specks seen on many surfaces visited by house flies
are the excreted wastes.
The eggs are deposited in decaying matter such as grass clippings,
garbage, human and animal excrement. Horse manure is the preferred
breeding medium. About l00-l50 eggs are deposited by each female
on appropriate food. Eggs may hatch in 7 l/2 hours when temperatures
are high (about 99× F), or it may take two days if the temperature
is only 59×F. Eggs hatch into worm-like creatures called maggots
(Fig. 1b). Maggots lack definite heads, eyes, antennae or legs.
Their bodies are pointed at their front end and gradually widen
at the rear. They feed on the material in which they find themselves.
There are three larval molts. Mature larvae stop feeding and burrow
for protection in drier surrounding areas, where they pupate. The
pupa is a chestnut brown, oval object within which the larva changes
into an adult house fly. Adults mate within one to two days after
emerging from their pupal cases. The life cycle, from egg to adult,
may take as little as one week, but normally requires three weeks
for completion. House flies normally live about 2 l/2 weeks during
the summer, but they can, at lower temperatures, survive up to three
months. Some overwinter outdoors in protected locations, or in crevices
in buildings. Flies normally stay within l/2-2 miles of their point
of origin, but have been known to travel as far as 20 miles to find
food and ovipositional sites.
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Flies
Be Gone non-toxic fly trap stops the cycle DEAD by providing a warm,
cozy place for the flies to lay their eggs INSIDE the bag where
the flies and their lavae die.
|
The
four stages of the typical fly
(6-7 days);
1.
Egg (maggots)
2.
Lavae (with head)
3.
Pupa (chestnut brown pod)
4.
Adult (winged and ready to mate thus starting the
cycle all over again)
The
female fly will produce 1,000 eggs a month! |
| Management
There are four basic principles of pest management important in
controlling house flies: sanitation, exclusion, non-chemical measures,
and chemical methods. These are listed in order of lasting effectiveness.
Sanitation - Flies cannot breed in large numbers
if their food sources are limited. Do not allow such materials as
manure, garbage, grass clippings, weed piles or other decaying organic
matter to accumulate. Keep trash cans clean and tightly covered.
Be careful not to wash garbage cans where the rinse water might
drain into the soil; flies can breed in soil full of organic matter.
Dry out maggoty garbage or dispose of it in fly proof containers
or landfills.
Exclusion - Flies can be kept outside of homes
by the use of window and door screens. Make sure screens are tight-fitting
without holes. Keep doors closed with no openings at the top or
bottom. There should be no openings around water or gas pipes or
electrical conduits that feed into the building. Caulk or plug any
openings. Ventilation holes can be a way for flies to enter a building.
Ventilation is important to maintaining adequate air circulation
within the building, but screening must be used to exclude flies.
Non-chemical Measures - The use of such devices as ultraviolet light
traps, sticky fly traps, fly swatters, baited fly traps, etc. can
eliminate many flies from inside a home. A fly swatter is an economical
control method for the occasional fly. |
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